Debian bullseye 11.0 更换源升级更新到 11.3

Debian 的系统版本目前最新是 11.3 版本代号：bullseye 如果你之前使用的是旧的版本如何更新到最新的版本呢？本文举例从 11.0 更新到 11.3 这种小版本的更新也是有必要的，一旦出现安全漏洞 Debian 的开发团队也会在合理的时间进行更新修正。安全的问题可以关注 Debian 官网的安全信息。

如果你是一台新装的 Debian 系统那么需要更新就需要先把 apt 的源修改为国内的，不然更新可能会因为网络问题终端。如果你使用的是阿里、腾讯、华为这些大厂的系统，在你部署的时候已经替换为这些大厂的镜像地址，当你需要更新时只需要执行更新命令即可；

0x01 查看版本

我使用的是 root 账户直接登录，如果你是普通用户可能有些命令需要 su 到 root 用户执行。在开始更新前我们先查看下当前的系统版本，查看 Debian 的内核版、Debian 系统版本；

cat /proc/version    # 查看当前 Debian 的内核版本；
cat /etc/debian_version    # 查看当前 Debian 的系统版本；

0x02 备份配置

在正式开始替换默认的源前，先将源的配置文件备份一份在同文件夹，如果修改错了可以查看原文件进行对比查找问题；

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/ap/sources.list.bak    # 备份一份配置文件在同文件夹命名为 sources.list.bak；
vim /etc/apt/sources.list    # 编辑 sources.list；

0x03 编辑配置

打开 sources.list 配置文件后，将默认的的配置文件使用 # 进行注释，然后添加新的源，国内的源有很多这里我使用的是清华的源，使用那个源都是可以的看自己喜好，都是从 Debian 的官网上同步的；

阿里云镜像站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

腾讯云镜像站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
# deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

中科大镜像站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free

网易镜像站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
# deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

华为镜像站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
# deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

清华大学镜像站

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

0x04 开始更新

在替换好源后开始执行更新命令

apt update    # 更新软件包档案库元数据；
apt upgurade    # 安装已安装的软件包的候选版本并且不移除任何其它的软件包；
apt autoremove    # 移除不再需要的自动安装的软件包；
reboot    # 重启系统；

0x05 更新完成

在重启系统后我们再次查看下系统的核心版本及版本号，都已经更新到了最新；